Mid- Term Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mid- Term Exam - Assignment Example In addition, this security model largely emphasizes the security aspects of information technology and helps people in analyzing all those important aspects that pertain to the comprehensive and valuable features of information technology (Whitman and Herbert 1-250). The three major components of the C.I.A triangle consist of Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. Confidentiality: It is considered as one of the most important components of this particular model as it solely emphasizes the aspect of procurement of valuable information and it’s prevention from getting shared to unauthorized personnel. Information technology is considered to be a vital aspect as it serves multiple purposes. All kinds of major transactions that take place in today’s scenario are mostly based online mode and there are many malicious internet users who are very proficient in stealing and manipulating information that is highly restrictive (Whitman and Herbert 1-250). Integrity: It is al so considered to be a vital aspect of this particular triangle as this component largely emphasizes the protection of information along with preventing it from getting modified or even manipulated from any kind of unauthorized users which may prove to disrupt the information sharing process (Whitman and Herbert 1-250). ... to be the most important aspect in the field of information technology as it widely emphasizes the broad aspect of protection of information along with ensuring unauthorized access. It also facilitates to prevent revelation or disruption of the information to unwanted individuals. The two key concepts of information security essentially include IT security and Information assurance. IT security relates to ensuring proper security to the computers and all its components. Similarly, information assurance relates to the procurement of information and prevention of the valuable data from getting lost or being manipulated. However, both of these concepts have greater significance in relation to the triangle, especially in the modern day technological context as these concepts along with the components of C.I.A aim at a basic objective i.e. to ensure all round security in matters pertaining to information technology and its proper usage (Whitman and Herbert 1-250). Best example of informat ion technology and utilization of the concepts of information security and components of C.I.A would be that it is utilized by IT specialists, corporations, hospitals, financial institutions, government and military among broad entities. The components are utilized with the prime objective of ensuring comprehensive and steadfast security regarding various types of business information that are processed and shared for various authenticated and business purposes (Whitman and Herbert 1-250). 2. DESCRIBE AN INFORMATION SECURITY POLICY. EXPLAIN WHY IT IS CRITICAL TO THE SUCCESS OF AN INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Information security policies are certain documented business rules and regulations that are implemented for the sole purpose of storing and protecting information in an appropriate

Astronomy 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Astronomy 1 - Research Paper Example The space between the universal objects is not vacant and contains gases that are distributed in the space. Due to this phenomenon, absorption lines are created into the universe that are called intercellular lines of gases. Due to expansion of the universe, the stars and other stellar objects are moving farther and faster as compared to speed of light. Therefore, Hubble law is used to find the distance in the universe (Goldsmith & Owen, 2001). Stars are just like light emitting bodies. Decrease in brightness can be observed if one moves them further away. Simple mathematical rule is applied for notifying change in obvious brightness of stars as a function of its distance from us. . The mathematical formula is as follow. Luminosity of star is also used to write inverse square law. Luminosity is energy that star emits in each seconds which is measured in watts. It can be described in following manner. If luminosity of star is known then brightness can be measured. Then brightness is used for calculating distance (Goldsmith & Owen, 2001). Geologists have assumed that rocks in earth structure are some 4 billion years old. The stones came from moon and mars also seem to be having same history. It is assumed that earth and planets formed at the same time when sun was formed. Thus our sun is about 5 billion years old approximately. It is huge ball of gas mostly containing hydrogen which is contained due to gravity (Goldsmith & Owen, 2001). The new energy source of sun was proposed by a British astronomer at the end of world war one. He puts three ideas together. Astronomers knew that presence of hot and dense gases at center of sun are helpful in supporting its weight. Expanding high pressure hot gases maintain the outer layer of sun. Secondly the research proves that four atoms of hydrogen are equal in weight to one helium atom. The same ratio is composed of subatomic particles. Still the weight of helium is

Mary Shelley - Frankenstein Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mary Shelley - Frankenstein - Essay Example Thus, it is evident that the author incorporates in her novel the important factors in the history of Europe such as the effect of French Revolution on notions of class and identity, the role of the Industrial Revolution on the socio-economic life of the people. As Essaka Joshua maintains, the social comment in Frankenstein is especially inspired by the ideology of the French Revolution and the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. â€Å"Critics have recently connected Frankenstein with this period of social upheaval, reading the novel as an ‘allegory of the French Revolution, the attempt to recreate man and the disillusionment and terror that followed.† (Joshua, 23) Therefore, it is essential to realize that the historical and political context of the author has played a crucial role in the writing of the novel. This essay offers a reflective exploration of the political and historical backdrop of the period in which Mary Shelly wrote her celebrated novel Frankenstein. Much o f the critical commentary on Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein has focused on the impact of the historical and political context of the novelist on the major themes, and references in the work.

A Modest Proposal Essay Example for Free

A Modest Proposal Essay A Reading of A Modest Proposal concentrating on how Swift criticised the society in which he lived. A Modest Proposal is a satirical pamphlet written by Jonathon Swift in 1729. It outlines the dreadful way in which Catholics were treated by the protestant minority in Ireland during these times. During the time Swift wrote this piece of prose, a series of laws called the Penal Laws excluded Catholics from society. They made it illegal for them to own any land and if they made a profit of more than a third of their rent, they could face eviction. They lived in absolute poverty and had no human rights. Swift may have written this text for innumerable reasons but one can suggest that there were three main points: (1) to cause outrage and shock in order to get the author, Swift, much attention, (2) to draw attention to the governments refusal to do anything about child poverty and (3) to draw attention to the plight of the poor by showing that his proposal was no more monstrous than the situation that already existed. The text works by combining many elements of literary techniques, such as irony, shock tactics and moral pronouncements, in order to create the maximum response possible from the reader- shock. It can be suggested that this shock was hoped to achieve anger throughout the protestant communities and maybe to cause some civil unrest until something was done about it. The title also covers up what the proposal actually is. In a rough translation, the title could mean A humble suggestion for preventing the children of the poor from being a burden to their parents as they are of no use to their parents or society, and making them useful to the public. Though this translation may give an insight to what the suggestion is about, the reader still does not know what it actually is. The text can be split into four parts: (1) the problem, (2) the plan, (3) the solution and (4) the benefits.   The first criticism made by Swift can be found in the first paragraph, It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town crowded with beggars of the female sex. This shows that Swift may be implying that the proposal is about the poor people of Ireland. One may notice that this quotation is also a criticism about how many poor Catholics there are in Ireland and that something should be done about it. The next criticism is in the fourth paragraph supported by her milk for a solar year with little other nourishment. This could suggest that there is not enough food for Catholics, so they have to feed the babies on just their mothers milk, however, this quotation could just show that babies can survive on just their mothers milk so it could be a statement of fact. The next criticism can also be found in the fourth paragraph, wanting food and raiment for the rest of their lives. This can be connected with paragraph one as this may mean that the catholic children would be begging for food and clothing for the rest of their lives unless something is done about it. Another criticism can be found in paragraph six, able to maintain their own children, although I apprehend that there cannot be so many. This may appear to some readers that the author is writing about the poor state of Catholics and that they are so poor, that cannot provide for their own children but it could also be translated that Protestants think so badly of Catholics that they do not care how their children are treated. In paragraph seven, there is a further criticism concerning Catholic children. He says that a boy or girls before twelve years old is no salable commodity meaning that young children are useless to society. Swift then compares the poor children to animals in paragraph fifteen, will make admirable gloves for ladies and summer boots for fine gentlemen. Here, Swift is comparing childrens skin to leather from a cow. Going back to paragraph twelve, yet another criticism can be found within the quotation landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of their parents, seem to nave the best title to the children. This could be seen as a pun with the word devoured literally meaning that the landlord has consumed virtually all of the Catholics assets. By using this word, Swift as linked to the suggestion of eating children by saying that the landlords have already destroyed the Catholic tenants lives, so what difference will it make if they eat their babies? To make this pamphlet seem real, Swift has used a number of literary techniques, for example, he has used a vast amount of irony such as in paragraph twenty eight, he implies eating babies at wedding and christening ceremonies. Swift also uses a large amount of shock tactics, par se, paragraph fifteen, will make admirable gloves for ladies Though it may seem true, Swift does not actually mean to eat the children of Catholics. By suggesting such a hideous and shocking proposal, he would have gained much attention and reveal the way in which Protestants were treating the Catholic majority. Overall, it can be said that this pamphlet was very successful in trying to eliminate racism toward the Catholics but this prejudice can still be seen today between Protestants and Catholics in Ireland and parts of Scotland. It is also a great example to show how satire has changed very little throughout the centuries, for example, The Office is set out very much in the same way as A Modest Proposal. The same techniques can be applied (Irony ect) and some of the same subjects can still apply such as government and other races of people but most of all, this pamphlet shows the reader just how effective using satire is to get the authors point across successfully. Simon Garlinge Pre 1914 prose coursework first draft Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Jonathan Swift section.

Holy Moly Essay Example for Free

Holy Moly Essay Socrates is simply asking questions to get a straight answer from Euthyphro, which he is unable to do. When asked, â€Å"what is piety? † Euthyphro answers â€Å"Doing as I do†. He thinks he is doing the pious thing by bringing his father up on charges of impiety. In his words, he is saying prosecuting anyone guilty of murder, no matter who they are . Socrates , basically is not entertained by this response, because it is not an answer. When asked again â€Å"what is Piety? † Euthryphro responds with, â€Å" What is dear to the Gods is pious and what is not dear to them is impious†. Socrates asks† Is the pious loved by the gods because it is pious? Or is it pious because it is loved by the gods? Euthyphro is contradicting himself. That which is dear to the gods is dear to the gods because it is first loved of them, not because it is dear to them. But the pious or holy is loved by the gods because it is pious or holy. Which is the same as saying that it is loved by them because it is dear to them. His explanation is going in circles. When asked again, Euthyphro responds, â€Å"Piety is knowing how to please the Gods in word and deed, by prayers and sacrifice† Socrates responds by saying that it is a way of doing business between the gods and men. You ask the gods what you can do and they tell you what they want you to do. Euthyphro has failed to show what pious is. I believe Socrates goal in the dialogue was to change his mind about prosecuting his father and to determine whether Euthypro’s definition of piety or impiety was sufficient enough to prosecute his own father for murder and to clear himself of his indictment. The features of the dialogue that led me to believe this was when Socrates asked, â€Å"Are you able to show your father guilty of murder or that all the gods are agreed in approving of our prosecution of him. Then says to Euthyphro† If you had not certainly known the nature of piety and impiety, I am confident, you would not have charged your father with the murder† Euthyphro, then hurries away , I am thinking to save his father from being tried for murder. If Socrates knew the nature of piety and impiety he may have been able to clear himself of Meletus and his indictment.

Tata CSR Corporate Social Responsibility Tata Group

Tata CSR Corporate Social Responsibility Tata Group Introduction Definition and History of CSR Corporate social responsibility (CSR) means considering the wellbeing of humanity by taking responsibility of the impact of organizations actions on customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communities and other stakeholders, as well as the surroundings. Organizations have realized that in addition to growing businesses it is also very important to build responsible and sustainable relationships with the large community. Hence, CSR has become increasingly famous in the Indian corporate scenario and is one of the key drivers of CSR. It was in the early 1970s when the term CSR came in to ordinary use after many international corporations were formed, but rarely abbreviated. The term stakeholder means those impacted by organizations activities. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) defined as the principled behavior of a company towards the general public, evident itself in the form of such noble programs initiated by for-profit organizations. Additional motive for this rapid acceptance of CSR is the state of the Indian society. Though India is one of the fastest growing economies, socio-economic issues like poverty, illiteracy, lack of healthcare etc. are still universally present and the government has limited resources to embark upon these challenges. This state of affairs has opened up several areas for businesses to contribute towards social development. CSR is not a latest notion in India. Corporates like the TATA, ITC, Aditya Birla, and Indian Oil Corporation, are few to name who are involved in helping the society ever since their foundation. Several other organizations through donations and charity events have been doing their part for the society. Today, CSR in India has gone ahead of only charity and donations. It is approached in a more organized and structured fashion. It is now considered as an essential part of the corporate strategy. Companies have CSR teams that develop specific policies, strategies and goals for their CSR programs and set aside budgets to sustain them. These programs are based on a clearly defined social philosophy or are closely aligned with the companys business expertise. Employees volunteer their time and contribute their skills, to implement them and are considered as the backbone of these initiatives. Overall development of a community to supporting specific causes like education, environment, healthcare etc. forms part of CSR programs. Organizations like Bharath Petroleum, Maruti Suzuki India, and Hindustan Unilever, adopt villages where they focus on holistic development. They provide better medical and sanitation facilities, build schools and houses, and help the villagers become self-reliant by teaching them vocational and business skills. This is one of the examples of CSR. On the other hand GlaxoSmithKlines CSR programs primarily focus on health and healthy living. They work in tribal villages where they provide medical check-up and treatment, health camps, health awareness programs, etc. They also provide money, medicines and equipment to non-profit organizations that work towards improving health and education in under-served communities. Many CSR initiatives are implemented by corporate in partnership with Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) who are well versed in working with the local communities and are experts in tackling specific social problems. SAP India in partnership with Hope Foundation, an NGO that works for the enhancing the poor and the needy throughout India, has been working on short and long-term transformation initiatives for the tsunami victims. Together, they also started The SAP Labs Center of HOPE in Bangalore, which serves as a home for street children, where they provide food, clothing, shelter, medical care and education. Take the following illustration: Companies need to answer to two aspects of their operations: 1. The quality of their management both in terms of people and processes (the inner circle).   2.The nature of, and quantity of their impact on society in the various areas. Outside stakeholders are taking an increasing interest in the activity of the company. Most look to the outer circle what the company has actually done, good or bad, in terms of its products and services, in terms of its impact on the environment and on local communities, or in how it treats and develops its workforce. Out of the various stakeholders, it is financial analysts who are predominantly focused as well as past financial performance on quality of management as an indicator of likely future performance. Why is CSR important? Consumers investors: growing expectation for organisations to behave responsibly Consumer awareness: Green and Ethical consumerism Legislation: HS, EPA, Sustainability, Codes of Practice Globalisation: Adoption of Best Practice, Consumer Legal Acceptance. Business advantages of CSR: Human Resources Recruitment, retention and morale of Staff Risk Management Investment in ethical brand equity Greenwash effect? Brand Differentiation As USP Build brand loyalty Reputation and brand attractiveness Business Development New markets, products and services Resources Management Better management and conservation of strategic assets Stakeholder Management Better internal and external relationships Freedom of operation: reduce government, public, NGO intervention in organisation History of Tata Group In a free enterprise, the community is not just another stakeholder in business but is in fact the very purpose of its existence. Jamsetji N. Tata, Founder, Tata Group The Trusts Vision: Shri Ratan Tatas thoughts, in 1913, on the manner in which the Trusts fund could be used: .. for the advancement of Education, Learning and Industry in all its branches, including education in economy, sanitary science and art, or for the relief of human suffering or for other works of public utility To engage qualified and competent persons to study into matters that pertain to the social, economic or political welfare of the Indian community, the object being to design schemes of a practical nature calculated to promote the well-being of the said community, care being taken that such work is not undertaken from the stereotype point of view but from the point of view of fresh light that is thrown from day to day by the advance of science and philosophy on problems of human well-being Further he also directed that: No experiment and no venture should be aided or undertaken unless the scheme thereof is carefully prepared No institution or organization should be aided of which the accounts are not subject to periodical audits and are not regularly issued and which would not be open to inspection and examination. Industry Profile of the TATA Group The Tata Group comprises 114 operating companies in seven business sectors: Tata Auto Comp Systems Automotive Tata Steel Materials Tata Power Energy Rallis India Chemicals Tata Realty and Infrastructure Service Tata Tea Consumer Products Tata Technologies Information Systems and Communications Globally: The Tata Group has operations in more than 54 countries. The companies export products and services to 120 nations, across six continents. The Tata Group is one of Indias principal and most valued business multinationals, with revenues in 2005-06 of $21.9 billion (Rs 967,229 million), the equivalent of about 2.8 per cent of the countrys GDP, and a market capitalization of $55.1 billion. Tata companys total employee strength is around 2,46,000. Amongst the 28 public listed enterprises of Tata Group are Tata Steel, Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Motors and Tata Tea have a combined market capitalization that is the maximum among Indian business houses in the private sector, and a shareholder base of over 2 million. The five core values of Tata family are integrity, understanding, excellence, unity and responsibility. Purpose of the TATA Group: To improve the quality of life of the societies they serve. The Group brings a unique set of competences through leadership in sectors of national economic significance. This requires them to grow assertively in focused areas of business. Their legacy of returning to society what they earn put forward trust among consumers, employees, shareholders and the community. The TATA represents leadership with trust in a exceptional way. Milestones: 1868 In the mid 19th century, TATA Group was started by Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata 1874 The Group entered into textiles by setting up the Central India Spinning, Weaving and Manufacturing Company. 1902 Taj Mahal Palace and Tower, Indias first luxury hotel, opened in 1903. 1907 Indias 1st Iron and Steel plant in Jamshedpur is The Tata Iron and Steel Company (now Tata Steel) the plant began its production in 1912. 1968 Indias 1st software Services Company is established as a division of Tata Sons called Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). 1995 Tata QMS institutes the JRD QV Award, modeled on the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Value Award of the United States, this laid basis of the Tata Business Excellence Model. 1998 Tata Indica, started by Tata Motors is Indias first indigenously designed and manufactured car. 2000 The first major acquirement of an international brand by an Indian business group was Tata Tea acquiring the Tetley Group, UK 2006 Launched Credit Card In Kolkata, the foundation stone for the Tata Medical Centre was shown. MCA-2, Indias largest e-governance initiative was launched by TCS. For the third time, Tata Steel ranked worlds best steel maker by World Steel Dynamics. US-based Eight O Clock Coffee was acquired by Tata Coffee. Tata Sky satellite television service was launched across the country. 2007 In a wider leap, the Anglo-Dutch steel major Corus has vaulted the former to the fifth position from 56th in global steel production capacity, in the Tata Steels acquisition TATA Singur project MB Kulkarni, General Manager (Construction) of Tata Motors, Our work plans are planned in such a way that whatever are the product target dates, in 2008 rolling of the vehicle will take place. Group Chairman Ratan Tatas dream peoples car will be rolled out by next year. For the factory 700 acres of land will be used and manpower has been planned and organized for the construction. TATAs Corporate Social Responsibility SILVER LININGS The company has streamlined its CSR activities into four major areas: HEALTH EMPLOYABILITY EDUCATION ENVIRONMENT Health: The World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete mental, physical and social well-being and not merely the absence of infirmity or disease. The health status is usually measured in terms of life expectancy at birth, fertility rate, infant mortality rate, crude birth/death rate. According to the Country Health System Profile, World Health Organization, public health infrastructure in rural India consists of a 3 tier system: A sub centre for every 5,000 population with a male and female worker, A Primary Health Centre (PHC) for every 30,000 population with a medical doctor and other paramedical staff, and A Community Health Centre (CHC) for every 100,000 population with 30 beds and basic specialists. In urban areas, it is 2 tier systems with Urban Health Centre (UHC)/Urban Family Welfare Centre (UFWC) for every 100,000 population followed by general hospital. The existing public health infrastructure is not evenly distributed across the States. Many institutions are not functional due to staff shortage and non-availability of drugs and consumables and essential equipment. As a result of such inadequate public health facilities, it has been estimated that less than 20 percent of the population, which seek OPD services, and less than 45 percent of that which seek indoor patient treatment, avail of such services in public hospitals. A large portion of population seek medical care services from private sector despite the fact that most of these patients do not have the means to make out-of-pocket payments for private health services (National Health Policy 2002). Keeping these figures in mind, the Company has launched several initiatives for improving the health status of community members in the CSR project areas across locations. The initiatives include both preventive as well as curative health care services. In addition, infrastructural development for ensuring a perennial supply of clean drinking water and improved health through better sanitation facilities is also included in the CSR program of the Company. Figures for 2006 : Alignment to Millennium Development Goals Impact in 2007-08 Millennium Development Goals 5: Improve Maternal Health Institution of Village Health Workers established Community members identified and trained for providing basic health care to village communities Antenatal cate and anaemua detection and treatment for 590 women Millennium Development Goals 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases Curative Preventive health services were provided to over 92,390 people through the Companys community health programmes, including immunization drives for polio, measles. Special country-wide programmes were conducted for drivers during service camps. 46,548 drivers availed of the free general health and eye check-up camps and AIDS awareness programmes Employability Employability facts Annually Indias labour force is growing at a rate of 2.5% and employment only by 2.3% Indias workforce is self-employed by 60%. Around 30% are casual workers i.e. they work only when they are able to get jobs and remain unpaid for the rest of the days In the Unorganized sector Approximately, approximately 90% of the labour force is employed, i.e. sectors which do not provide other benefits of employment combined with the social security Organized sector. In addition to the Apprenticeship programmes that are run within the premises of the manufacturing units, as per the Apprenticeship Act 1961, the Company has also initiated several efforts to enhance employability of youth. To upgrade the quality of Industrial Training Institute (ITIs), the company has built public-private partnership with government authorities. In the year 2007-08, the upgradation process has been initiated in four it is, who are equipped with latest machines and tools. To understand the manufacturing processes, the students have been taken on exposure visits and for their faculty, Train the Trainer programmes have been organized. Technical and vocational programmes are run for rural youth from the project areas, like Motor Mechanic Vehicle Trade Course, electrical, welding, a/c refrigeration, computer skills, bee-keeping, etc. Special programmes are also run for women including sewing training, beautician courses, manufacturing food products and utility items and cable harnessing and assembly work. More than 9,000 youth and women have benefited from these programmes across Companys locations. Alignment to Millennium Development Goals Impact in 2007-08 Millennium Development Goals 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger The Company has identified 10 ITIs across the country to upgrade their facilities and enhance the relevance of their programmes to industry needs, as a part of its skill development programme, In 2007-08, four ITIs have been covered. Training in various technical and vocational trades was given to around 1,085 youth from areas adjecent to the Companys plants. Over 350 local youth have been trained in partnership with the government and the social sector, making them employable at the new plant location of Singur. All 18 students of the Company-supported Mechanic Motor Vehicle Trade Course, 2007-08, in association with the Ramakrishna Mission at Sakwar, Thane district, Maharashtra, have been successfully placed at the Companys dealerships. Two students from the previous batch have been facilitated to become entrepreneurs and have opened their own workshop on the Mumbai-Ahemedabad Highway Millennium Development Goals 3: Promote gender equality and empower women To make the women economically independent, around 1,058 women have been trained in utility items, manufacturing food products and, beautician courses, sewing Education The root of poverty often lies in illiteracy. Social infrastructure like education is as important as physical infrastructure, not only for sustaining high growth but also for enhancing welfare. Education Facts About India Less than half of Indias children between the age 6 and 14 go to school A little over one-third of all children who enroll in grade one reach grade eight Children aged 6 14 years do not attend school, the count of which is atleast 35 million 52% of girls in the age group of 5 to 9 years are illiterate 53% of habitation has a primary school 20% of habitation has a secondary school In nearly 60% of schools, not more than one or two teachers are there to teach Classes I to V The reasons for leaving given by 3 in every four drop-outs are need to work to support their families, little interest in studies and high cost of private education Contribution of Tata Motors towards improving education through infrastructural development for promoting schooling among the villagers and through upgradation of educational facilities like building computer laboratories, sports ground, etc. and organising training to teachers programmes to better the quality of education. Alignment to Millennium Development Goals Impact in 2007-08 Millennium Development Goals 1: Achieve universal primary education: From over 25 villages, infrastructure was improved in 13 schools, promoting higher education for 2,000 children. From across 33 schools, Shiksha Prasar Kendra, a Tata Motors society at Jamshedpur, supported 18,000 students of which 7,500 are girls Quality of education improved: In 4 schools Teachers training programme was conducted With participation from over 4,300 students, extra-curricular activities was organised in 31 schools In West Bengal at Beraberi High School, Singur, computer labratory was built 375 students were awarded with scholarships for higher studies Environment Climate Change is the environmental issue facing the world today, which is any long-term significant change in the average weather experienced by a given region. Facts on Environment Reports concluded by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are: Since the mid-20th century most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. From new estimates of the combined anthropogenic forcing due to greenhouse gases, land surface changes and aerosols, it is likely that human activities have exerted a substantial net warming influence on climate since 1750. Anthropogenic aerosols produce a net negative radiative forcing (cooling influence) with a greater magnitude in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere The IPCC, which represents consensus in the scientific community, defines extremely likely, virtually certain, very likely, and as indicating probabilities greater than 90%, 95%, and 99%, respectively. Tata Group places a special emphasis on environmental and ecological issues in view of the threat to environment. The Groups efforts to preserve and regenerate environment find expression in the slew of projects and programmes it has undertaken in and around its facilities and operations. In this context a focus area for the group is the climate change crisis. Tata Motors beliefs on sustainability have led to a corporate policy that emphasises environment preservation, the Company works on projects that include reducing effluents and emissions, maintaining local ecologies, repairing green cover and improving long term corporate sustainability. Alignment to Millennium Development Goals and Bharat Nirman Target Impact in 2007-08 Millennium Development Goals 7: Ensure environment sustainablity With an 80% survival rate, over 175,242 saplings have been planted. To promote use of environment-friendly practices smokeless chullahs has been constructed. Agricultural training was given to minimize the use of environmentally hazardous methods and materials. Provide awareness camps on environment related issues. Bharat Nirman Target: 10 million hectares of additional irrigarion capacity to be created by 2009 Check dams and community irrigation wells have been constructed at villages near Pune, improved irrigation to augmenting incomes of families. In Jamshedpur, in over 152 acres tree plantation has extensively been carried out and 85 acres of land has been brought under irrigation Other CSR Objectives Sumant Moolgaokar Development Foundation Sumant Moolgaokar Development Foundation (SMDF) has been founded in memory of our ex-chairman Late Shri Sumant Moolgaokar with a view to perpetuate his exemplary work in rural development. Tata Steel has evolved, over the years, an encompassing culture of social responsibility that not only sustains but also enriches the lives of the communities it supports. The companys corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy was inspired by Jamsetji Tatas conviction that, In a free enterprise, the community is not just another stakeholder, but is, in fact, the very purpose of its existence. Tata Steels approach to its business has evolved from this concept and the wealth it has created is continuously returned to the people through its community initiatives. And they are following the saying of their ancestors as: Tata Steel CSR team was to work for the welfare of the socially and economically disadvantaged communities living in and around its areas of operation, including the mines and collieries serving the plant. The basic concept of Tata Steel Parivar originates from the century old Corporate Social Responsibility of the Company, which is aptly defined as: Tata steel believes that the primary purposes of the business is to improve the quality of the life. New Life with a New Hope The Commitment of Tata Steel for improving the quality of life of the displaced families has led to the creation of the Tata Steel Parivar concept and each displaced family will be a member of the Tata Steel Parivar. Over the years, its initiatives have encompassed provision of: Healthcare services, Drinking water, Rain water harvesting, Tribal development, Relief and rehabilitation endeavors, Income and employment generation, Womens health and education, Awareness programmers on the ill-effects of drugs, Alcohol and HIV/AIDS, and Patronage to sports and cultural activities. Achievements of TATA Groups CSR Tata Steels Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives have earned the steel giant the UK trade Investment (UKTI) India Business Award 2009. Besides acquiring businesses around the world, the Tata group now plans to introduce the world to the Tata way of doing business. The group plans to take overseas the Tata trusts and all the community work that it does as part of its international corporate social responsibility. Tatas Endeavour to strengthen the fabric of India has manifested itself in multiple ways. A crucial component of the Tata idea of nation building was, and remains, the creation and sustaining of exceptional institutions of learning, research, knowledge and intellectual capital. It had created a land mark in educational sector and environmental sector, this can be seen as: TATA GROUP is boomining in every sector whether it is business or corporate social responsibility because: TATAS Commitment to the Environment: The Tata ethos places a special emphasis on environmental and ecological issues. Its efforts to preserve and regenerate the environment find expression in the slew of projects and programmers it has undertaken in and around its facilities and operations. A focus area, in this context, is the climate change crisis. Tata companies work on projects that include repairing green cover, reducing effluents and emissions, maintaining local ecologies and improving long term corporate The Tata group has a set of explicit guidelines on environmental and ecological issues, and a broad range of policies aimed at helping Tata companies protect, conserve and restore our natural resources. The Three Pillars of Sustainability 2020 Adapting to New Markets: Internal Sustainability Jamsetji Tata, the founder of the Tata Group, predicated economic success on putting the community first and investing patiently in social initiatives 140 years ago. Till date, this strategy has enabled Tata to excel in India. A big reason for this is the brand recognition that Tata enjoys in India. However, brand recognition is less of a competitive advantage as Tata expands globally. Many argue that given the current heightened pace of globalization and change in technology, Tatas tenet of investing in long-term social initiatives threatens its short-term competitiveness. The first challenge that Tata must address is to align its existing Corporate Social Responsibility policies, both internal (in regards to the treatment of its workers and green initiative) as well as external (support for surrounding communities) with the customs and challenges of the new markets in which it operates. While Tata created a synergy between Corporate Social Responsibility and profits in India, it must recognize that, going forward, no one-size-fits-all Corporate Social Responsibility strategy exists. In order to facilitate a more effective alignment of local concerns with Tatas global Corporate Social Responsibility efforts, we propose setting up a New Markets Corporate Social Responsibility Committee under the TCCI that will be tasked with collaborating with local executives, as well as civic and governmental leaders to identify and drive social initiatives that will best benefit the communities in the new markets that Tata operates in. As the Tata Groups operations grow physically segregated, it becomes more difficult to align activities with their values and purpose. To ensure this, we propose that the voluntary Tata Index be made mandatory and moved under the TQMS group. To ensure fairness across companies that have different levels of operations within and outside India, the New Markets Corporate Social Responsibility Committee will be responsible for formulating the New Markets Multiplier Factor, which will normalize the Tata Index to a common denominator for all group comp anies. The next 10 years will be vital in the evolution of Tata as a global brand, and these steps will ensure that domestic operations support the continued growth of Tatas global brand and its reflection of leadership in the field of corporate social responsibility. Stepping it up a Notch: Evaluating Product Lifecycle Impact on Society Throughout its history, the Tata group has been considered a poster child of ideal corporate citizenship throughout India. As Tata continues to expand globally, its responsibilities towards its stakeholders investors, employees, and communities are changing. If anything, they are on the rise. Tata must increasingly look beyond its own operations, and consider the impact of its products, both good and bad, on not just the groups direct shareholders, but on the society as a whole. This focus on stakeholders will lead to a sustainable competitive advantage and increased profits both. To this we propose a Product Lifecycle Impact Metric (Exhibit 3). This metric will quantify the projected impact of the Tata Groups products and services over their expected lifetimes. While taking the positive impact of the products and services (such as increased customer productivity, above average fuel mileage, more affordable products etc.) into consideration, this metric will also account for the negative impacts on society (such as increased traffic clogging, environmental effects etc.). While an exact measurement would be impossible to obtain, by working within a structured framework, and with the input of social and civic leaders, Tata could effectively estimate these impacts across their various industries. We are aware that certain businesses or products, though highly profitable, are more prone to have higher negative impacts on society. For instance, while some concerns regarding the Nano have already been mentioned, one would be hard pressed to find many negative lifecycle impacts of the watches manufactured by Titan Industries (besides the manufacturing, shipping, and eventual dispos

Symbols of Military Identity Essay -- Symbols Symbolism Military Essay

At the United States Air Force Academy, the first experience of a new cadet is the loss of personal "stuff" and hence individual identity. All material possessions — those that signify individual identity, safety or relationship -- are taken from the cadet and replaced by "stuff" which indicate membership in the cadet wing. Clothing, jewelry, wallet, even hair, disappear as indexes of membership in an economic group. Pictures and address books vanish as symbols of connection with social groups in the broader world. Watches and calendars and money, reminders of being and safety, have no relevance as cadets move into the "other world" of the academy grounds. Replacement "stuff" is utilitarian. Clothing is functional and suits its intended purpose to shelter and protect with a well-researched efficiency indicative of the military frame of mind. The clothing is easily cleaned and sanitized. It is even named in a military way — shirt, nonflying, blue; gloves, dress, white — indicating its function as well as obvious characteristics. It is most importantly uniform. The not so subtle message is that all people are identical, in purpose and value, except for a name. The clothing is at first bare, like the personality-stripped human who wears it, but gradually it acquires ornamentation and indicates a new identity for the wearer. USAF Academy emblems appear first as cadets begin to see themselves as a real part of the academy system. Individual units identified by color, red, blue, yellow, etc, begin to work together. They build their bodies and their skills in these groups and as groups. They struggle, survive and triumph as a unit. Those who choose or are chosen to leave do so quietly without contact with the group as they depart... ... This symbol of individual recognition, honor, and respect will continue with them throughout their careers. It is probably not incidental that cadets, even in basic training, retain names rather than, say, numbers. As long as he has his name, the cadet remains an individual. This is essential to the military structure for "good name", honor, integrity can exist only when the individual exists. The military officer, despite this temporary subjugation to the group, is always personally responsible for his actions, and responsible to each individual under his command. The symbolic structure of the uniform which unites, the insignia which are indexes of achievements and relationships, the name tag and salute which signify recognition of the individual are in combination symbolic of the tension between group and individual identity which is vital to the military. Symbols of Military Identity Essay -- Symbols Symbolism Military Essay At the United States Air Force Academy, the first experience of a new cadet is the loss of personal "stuff" and hence individual identity. All material possessions — those that signify individual identity, safety or relationship -- are taken from the cadet and replaced by "stuff" which indicate membership in the cadet wing. Clothing, jewelry, wallet, even hair, disappear as indexes of membership in an economic group. Pictures and address books vanish as symbols of connection with social groups in the broader world. Watches and calendars and money, reminders of being and safety, have no relevance as cadets move into the "other world" of the academy grounds. Replacement "stuff" is utilitarian. Clothing is functional and suits its intended purpose to shelter and protect with a well-researched efficiency indicative of the military frame of mind. The clothing is easily cleaned and sanitized. It is even named in a military way — shirt, nonflying, blue; gloves, dress, white — indicating its function as well as obvious characteristics. It is most importantly uniform. The not so subtle message is that all people are identical, in purpose and value, except for a name. The clothing is at first bare, like the personality-stripped human who wears it, but gradually it acquires ornamentation and indicates a new identity for the wearer. USAF Academy emblems appear first as cadets begin to see themselves as a real part of the academy system. Individual units identified by color, red, blue, yellow, etc, begin to work together. They build their bodies and their skills in these groups and as groups. They struggle, survive and triumph as a unit. Those who choose or are chosen to leave do so quietly without contact with the group as they depart... ... This symbol of individual recognition, honor, and respect will continue with them throughout their careers. It is probably not incidental that cadets, even in basic training, retain names rather than, say, numbers. As long as he has his name, the cadet remains an individual. This is essential to the military structure for "good name", honor, integrity can exist only when the individual exists. The military officer, despite this temporary subjugation to the group, is always personally responsible for his actions, and responsible to each individual under his command. The symbolic structure of the uniform which unites, the insignia which are indexes of achievements and relationships, the name tag and salute which signify recognition of the individual are in combination symbolic of the tension between group and individual identity which is vital to the military.